Ukraine renounced nuclear weapons 34 years ago for the sake of peace, but now faces war.

34 years ago, Ukraine made a historic choice by renouncing nuclear weapons. This step became a symbol of peace and trust in international guarantees. Today, amid Russian aggression, the question of its feasibility is once again relevant.

Historical Context

October 24, 2025, marks the anniversary of the adoption by the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR of the resolution on nuclear-free status. This act became a strategic decision in the context of the USSR’s collapse.

• Ukraine declared itself a nuclear-free state.
• Committed not to produce or deploy nuclear weapons.
• Transferred the arsenal for dismantling under international control.
• Joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

Technical and Financial Capabilities

Discussions about restoring Ukraine’s nuclear potential continue. After the collapse of the USSR, the country inherited a scientific and technical base, including institutes in Kharkiv, Kyiv, and Dnipro. Specialists in nuclear physics and rocket engineering are still active.

The Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology and enterprises like “Yuzhmash” have expertise that can be used to create nuclear weapons. Modern technologies allow bypassing the full restoration of Soviet infrastructure.

Financial constraints are often mentioned by skeptics. However, Ukraine has already spent significant funds on defense. In 2024, security expenditures exceeded 50% of the budget. Examples of North Korea and Pakistan show that even countries with limited resources can achieve nuclear status.

Geopolitical Consequences

The start of nuclear developments will provoke a reaction from the international community. Sanctions may be imposed not only by unfriendly countries but also by Western partners. Ukraine’s nuclear-free status was a relief for many, including Russia and the West.

The likelihood of direct military intervention is low, but sanctions could be severe. This would hit an economy already suffering from war. Russia, with its intelligence and missile systems, is capable of destroying nuclear facilities at the construction stage.

Talks about Ukraine’s nuclear status could exacerbate isolation and alienate allies. Ukrainian diplomacy should focus on peaceful security mechanisms, such as strengthening NATO and bilateral guarantees from the US and the EU.